The rock in question is the rising threat of US military intervention; the hard place is Sheibnaum’s own party’s narco-politicians.
Late last week, as Mexico was still reeling from revelations that CIA agents are operating in Chihuahua, in direct violation of Mexico’s constitution and sovereignty, the Sheinbaum government received an extradition request from Washington for 10 Sinaloa-based individuals. They included the state’s governor, Rubén Rocha, and its senator, Enrique Inzunza Cázares.
The indictments undoubtedly pose the biggest threat yet to Sheinbaum’s presidency. If she bows to US pressure and agrees to indict Rocha, a senior member of Sheinbaum’s Morena party, and the other nine serving and former politicians and security chiefs, she would risk opening the floodgates to more US extradition requests. If she doesn’t, she risks the wrath of an increasingly unhinged Trump administration.
The veteran Mexican journalist Denise Marker described the development as “extremely worrying” and “without precedent”. As one twitter commenter remarked tartly, it is indeed “without precedent”: drug cartels have operated in Sinaloa with total impunity and government protection for 80 years and not a single PRI or PAN governor has ever been extradited.
Speaking to Al Jazeera, Vanda Felbab-Brown, an expert on non-state armed groups at the Brookings Institution think tank in Washington, DC, said that indicting elected politicians in Mexican had “long been considered a very big step, almost a ‘nuclear option’”. And more indictments are likely to come, she added.
Rumours are already flying of an approaching second wave of extradition requests — including for three more governors, two legislators and the son of an ex-president, presumably Andrés Manuel López Obrador. For the moment, this is pure conjecture, but it would be in keeping with the Trump administration’s slash-and-burn approach to international relations.
🔴 En unas semanas vendrá la segunda OLA; Llegaran órdenes de detención para al menos tres gobernadores más , dos legisladores y un hijo de un “expresidente” y un secretario de estado ,
— Mario Di Costanzo (@mario_dico50) May 4, 2026
Perhaps that’s why the Sheinbaum government is standing firm — for now. Mexico’s Attorney General’s Office (FGR) on Friday ruled out provisionally detaining the suspects indicated. The head of the Specialized Prosecutor’s Office for Competition Control of the FGR, Raúl Jiménez Vázquez, said there was not enough evidence to justify taking such an action.
Until now, Sheinbaum has generally bent to the US’s will despite her constant reaffirmations of Mexican sovereignty and independence, reports Ioan Grillo:
“We are not a protectorate of the United States. We are not a colony of the United States,” Sheinbaum, the 63-year old former scientist, said Monday.
However, in actions, Sheinbaum has delivered to President Donald Trump on several key demands since he returned to office last year. Her government helped halt the flow of undocumented migrants though Mexico to the U.S. border, slashing Border Patrol encounters to the lowest in decades (this is also due to Trump largely killing asylum at the border). She has whacked fentanyl trafficking, so U.S. border seizures of the venomous drug were down 72 percent last month compared to when she took office in October 2024.
But the demands continue to grow in size and number. As the Wall Street Journal notes, each time Sheinbaum gives President Trump an inch, he demands a mile:
More than a year after both leaders took office, the give and take is forcing Mexico’s president into a corner. In that way, she may be following other world leaders who have tried to forge a working partnership with Trump—from Italy’s Giorgia Meloni to French President Emmanuel Macron—only to face a falling-out.
It was a by-now-familiar pattern in the relationship between the two neighbors.It began with decisions that cost Sheinbaum very little political capital, such as sending National Guard troops to the border to stop U.S.-bound drug smuggling and closing Mexico’s doors to migrants from Venezuela and other countries.
But lately Trump has pushed Sheinbaum into moves that risk angering her political base.
Just over a week ago, it was revealed that four CIA agents had participated in an anti-narcotics operation with the state police force of Chihuahua without informing Mexico’s federal authorities. This was a complete violation of Mexico’s constitution and sovereignty, and the only reason why the public — and apparently, the federal government — learned of it was that two of the CIA agents died in an alleged car accident during the operation.
The resulting scandal severely damaged relations between Mexico and the US while sparking a fierce showdown between the federal government and the Chihuahuan governor, Maru Campos Galván, who threw her state’s doors wide open to US government agencies including the CIA, the DEA and the FBI. In doing so, Campos Galván not only violated the constitution; she committed the most serious of crimes: high treason.
Amid the resulting fallout, the Trump administration, represented in Mexico by Ron Johnson, a former CIA agent and Green Beret with decades of experience of destabilising foreign countries, including by training death squads, tightened the screw further by unsealing the indictment of Rocha. In a rare departure from custom, the indictment included 34 pages of allegations that have already been made public.
The goal, it seems, was two-fold: to distract the US and Mexican publics from the Chihuahua debacle (and whatever other scandals du jour the Trump administration needed cover from); and to paint Sheinbaum into a corner. If she complies with the extradition request, she opens the door to the US gradually picking off more and more of Morena’s elected representatives, including even more senior ones, with the resulting damage this could do to Morena’s base.
Rocha is fully aware of this fact. In what can be easily read as a veiled threat to Morena’s leadership, he tweeted a couple of days ago (emphasis my own):
“This attack is not just aimed at my person but the whole Fourth Transformation movement, its emblematic leaders and the Mexicans who represent the cause”.
According to unnamed sources cited by the Mexican corporate law firm León Barrena Rodríguez & Partners LLP (LBR), “the Governor’s defiance carries an implicit, scorched-earth ultimatum directed straight at the National Palace”:
The subtext is clear: if Sheinbaum attempts to sacrifice him to appease Washington, he will take the entire structure down with him. A sitting governor with his level of access doesn’t just go to a U.S. interrogation room to face a life sentence; he goes there to trade. The leverage is absolute. The threat (“if you hand me over, I disclose everything regarding AMLO, the presidency, and Morena’s tactical alliances with the cartels”) is the only thing keeping him from being extradited tonight. Sheinbaum is now effectively a hostage to her own party’s regional power brokers.
On the other hand, if Sheinbaum refuses the extradition request, she risks being painted by the US government, Mexican opposition parties and pliant media outlets as a “narco president” who is more interested in protecting the country’s drug lords than helping the US Department of Justice put them behind bars.
Refusal to cooperate also increases the risk of US military intervention in Mexico. After all, if US forces can abduct a sitting president in Venezuela, what’s to stop them from snatching a regional governor in Mexico (apart from Mexico’s US-trained and equipped armed forces)? According to LBR’s sources, this option has already been under consideration “for months”:
[T]he use of US special operations forces to apprehend Governor Rocha, Senator Inzunza, and other indicted officials has been a live option on the tables of the DOJ, DOW, and DEA for months…
Sheinbaum and AMLO have decided that a total diplomatic rupture with the U.S. is a smaller price to pay than the existential threat of Governor Rocha “spitting” in a New York courtroom. They are gambling on the assumption that Washington lacks the will for forceful extraction. This is a fatal error.
Not everyone agrees, however. The former DEA agent Mike Vigil, who lives in Mexico, warned in an interview with the Chilean outlet Entrevistas Meganoticias that any attempt to abduct Rochoa would be a disaster not only for Mexico but also Latin America as a whole (translation my own):
They did it in Mexico with Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores. But Venezuela is not Mexico. So, to go that way, which for me was an act of war, to remove politicians in Mexico would be a disaster. This would cause instability throughout Latin America.
It would also be a disaster for the US government, Vigil says without elucidating as to why. One thing is clear though: this is all happening at the most delicate of times for US-Mexico relations, with the USMCA trade deal up for mandatory joint review in June. One might think that the last thing the US needs right now, as the global economy teeters on the edge of a global crisis of Trump’s choice, is to engender further chaos in its biggest trade partnership.
Admittedly, Trump could be using the extradition requests as leverage in the negotiations. However, the threat of US military intervention against the cartels has been on the cards since at least early 2023, when neo-con Republicans like Lindsey Graham, Marco Rubio and former Attorney General William Barr began talking of the need to designate the cartels as “terrorist organisations.”
Which was one of the first things Trump did on his return to office. Sheinbaum and her government are now feeling the inevitable after effects.
“She’s caught between a rock and a hard place because she obviously understands what’s at stake for her government and the US and the critically important USMCA review,” said Arturo Sarukhán, a former Mexican ambassador to the US.
Sheinbaum has so far prioritised loyalty to Morena. On Friday, she declared that the ten Mexican officials charged with drug trafficking and weapons offences will be tried in Mexico, not the US — if credible evidence emerges against them.
As for Rocha, he allegedly travelled with Sheinbaum to meet with AMLO at his “La Chingada” ranch in Palenque, Tabasca, at the weekend. Immediately afterwards, the Sinaloan governor took temporary leave, which removes all the legal protections against prosecution he enjoyed as a sitting governor.
But is he guilty of colluding with the Sinaloan cartel? Most probably yes.
The word that keeps popping up to describe Rocha, including in some pro-government media outlets, is “undefendable”. He clearly has ties to the Sinaloan cartel (who doesn’t in Sinaloa’s local and regional government?) and allegedly received campaign funding from prominent cartel members.
All that being said, Rocha is a relatively small pawn in a much larger game being played by Washington. That game extends to the entire American continent, and the ultimate goal is to remove all obstacles to the US’ dominion over the strategic resources of that region — including, crucially, its oil and gas. Or as RevKev put it recently, to turn all of Latin America into one giant quarry for Western corps, as we are already seeing in post-Maduro Venezuela.
To achieve that goal, Washington must remove all governments in the region that are not entirely subordinated to its interests. Since the recent rash of elections that have returned far-right governments in Chile, Bolivia and Honduras (with a little prodding from Trump, of course) and the US’ half-finished coup in Venezuela, their number is in rapid decline.
They include Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, which together account for 60% of the region’s population and economy heft, as well as Nicaragua and Cuba, whose shattered economy is now subject to near-total US sanctions. The latest revelations of the Hondurasgate scandal suggest that Argentina’s Milei is conspiring with the recently pardoned Honduran narco-president Juan Orlando Hernández to spread propaganda online to “eliminate the left” in Latin America, targeting Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and the left-wing opposition in Honduras.
All apparently paid for with US and Israeli money…
Bombshell: Leaked audio recordings prove Argentina’s libertarian President Javier Milei is conspiring with the drug lord Juan Orlando Hernández — the drug-trafficking former dictator of Honduras, whom Trump freed from prison.
In a recording between Milei and the drug lord,… pic.twitter.com/fJPrqaO8jT
— Ben Norton (@BenjaminNorton) May 4, 2026
In Mexico, the goal is presumably to erode Morena’s support base with a view to the mid-term elections in 2027. That’s assuming the US doesn’t try to remove Sheinbaum by force, á la Maduro, before then. For now that is hard to imagine given she is democratically elected and still enjoys high levels of public support. According to the latest El Financiero poll, her approval rating is 68%, which is just six points above Donald Trump’s latest disapproval rating (62%).
In order to destroy Morena, Washington must first destroy the reputation of its co-founder and first ever president, López Obrador, who ended his presidency with an approval rating of close to 80%. During his presidency, AMLO sought to distance himself from the disastrous war on the drug cartels initiated by former president Felipe Calderón, for which he made some important enemies in Washington.
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In 2020, the AMLO government passed a national security reform aimed at reaffirming Mexico’s national sovereignty in matters of security vis-à-vis the United States. In the bill, the Senate of the Republic established provisions and added articles to the chapter on International Cooperation that substantially limit the actions of foreign agencies on Mexican soil — the same provisions and articles that were violated by Chihuahua’s state government.
Barr called AMLO the cartel’s “chief enabler” for refusing to wage war against the cartels with quite the same zeal as his predecessors:
“In reality, AMLO is unwilling to take action that would seriously challenge the cartels. He shields them by consistently invoking Mexico’s sovereignty to block the U.S. from taking effective action.”
As readers may recall, the DEA struck back by launching accusations against AMLO in his last months in office. However, the widely published allegations did not present conclusive proof showing AMLO’s complicity; instead, what they showed is that the DEA, locked in a power struggle with Mexico’s AMLO government, is willing to use US and European media to pursue its own political or institutional interests in Latin America.
“DEA agents are trying to accomplish in one news cycle what they could not prove before a prosecutor or their superiors,” wrote Carlos A. Pérez Ricart, a professor at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE) and author of the book, Cien Años de Espias y Drogas: La Historia de los Agentes Anti-Narcóticos de los Estados Unidos en Mexico (100 Years of Spies and Drugs: The History of US Anti-Narcotic Agents in Mexico).
The articles failed to dent Morena’s electoral prospects in the 2024 presidential elections, as intended; Sheinbaum ended up winning by a historic landslide, almost as many votes as all her rivals combined. Since then, the US has quietly set its sights on bringing down AMLO, as we reported in February 2025:
One thing that is undeniable about Mexico is that its drug cartels have compromised or even taken over large sections of Mexico’s political structures. As the well respected journalist Denise Maerker recently wrote in Milenio, criminal groups have supplanted entire governments in some parts of the country:
No Mexican needs to hear it from anyone else, it is obvious and clear as day: there are entire regions in which a criminal group controls and governs the territory.
Here is AMLO himself explaining his side of the story to the Russian journalist Inna Afinogenova (English subtitles included):
“The key issue here is the alliance between political power at a certain level and transnational crime, and the fact you no longer know where one ends and the other begins,” said Antonio Ortiz-Mena, a professor at Georgetown University and consultant. (FT)
If the US’ plan for hemispheric hegemony comes off, which is still a huge “IF” given how over-extended the US empire has become under Trump 2.0 as well as the compounding economic risks it now faces, the future of Latin America is likely to look a lot like this…
Neoliberal Ecuador: Violent crime is so high the govt just declared a military curfew on a majority of its cities, including the capital. You can’t be outside after 11pm for the next month.
10 years ago 🇪🇨 ranked as 2nd safest country in region under leftist President Correa. pic.twitter.com/CVYlH9dZmp
— Ollie Vargas (@Ollie_Vargas_) May 4, 2026
