What’s the Difference Between a Deduction and a Credit?

Key takeaways

A tax deduction lowers taxable income. Your taxable income is then multiplied by your tax rate to compute the total tax due.

A tax credit reduces the amount of tax due, dollar-for-dollar.

Both tax deductions and tax credits save you money, but a tax credit is going to get you bigger savings.

I used to hear people say, “Tax credits are better than deductions,” and just nod along like I understood. I knew both could lower what I owed — or boost my refund — but I couldn’t explain why one was supposedly better than the other.

It turns out the difference is simpler than it sounds. Once I saw how each one works with real numbers, it finally clicked.

Here’s the difference between a tax deduction and a tax credit, and why it matters.

What’s the difference between a tax deduction and a tax credit?

Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. That means less of your income is subject to tax. 

For example, if your taxable income is $10,000 and you qualify for a $500 deduction, your taxable income drops to $9,500. 

If your tax rate is 20%, you would owe $1,900 instead of $2,000.

Let’s break down the math:

Bottom line: a deduction reduces the income that gets taxed, not your tax bill directly.

Common tax deductions

Some of the most common deductions include:

Standard deduction: A flat amount most people can subtract from their income. In 2025, the standard deduction is $15,750 for single filers ($31,500 for married couples filing jointly).

Itemized deduction: If you paid state tax, property tax, or large medical expenses, you may be able to take the itemized deduction instead of the standard deduction. You generally choose whichever option lowers your taxable income more.

Both reduce your taxable income before your tax is calculated.

Car loan interest deduction: If you financed a new car in 2025, and the final assembly of that car was in the United States, you may qualify for the car loan interest deduction.

Student loan interest deduction: You can deduct up to $2,500 of student loan interest paid for college.

Tax software walks you through questions to help determine which deductions apply to your situation.

Understanding tax credits

Tax credits reduce your total tax due dollar-for-dollar, and they’re applied after tax deductions. Continuing with the example above, if you qualify for a $500 credit, your tax liability is now $1,400.

Common tax credits include:

Child Tax Credit: You can get a credit of up to $2,200 per child under the age of 17.

Child and Dependent Care Credit: You can get a credit of 20% – 35% on expenses of up to $3,000 per child (or $6,000 for two or more children) for money paid to daycare, for a nanny, or for day camp, if you worked or were actively looking for work. 

Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): If you don’t have any children, the income limit for the Earned Income Tax Credit in 2025 is $19,104 ($26,214 married filing jointly). If you have three or more qualifying children, the limit is $61,555 ( $68,675 married filing jointly).

What is a tax credit?

Some credits are so powerful they can reduce your tax below zero even if you didn’t owe any taxes to begin with. These are called refundable credits.

One example is the Earned Income Tax Credit. If the credits are below zero, the remaining amount is paid to you as a refund.

Not all credits work this way. For example, the Child and Dependent Care Credit is not refundable, and the Child Tax Credit is partially refundable (up to $1,700 per child).

That’s why refundable credits can sometimes increase your refund — not just reduce what you owe.

How to know which tax deductions or tax credits you can take

Even if you understand the difference between a deduction and a credit, figuring out which ones apply to your specific situation isn’t always straightforward.

TurboTax can help walk you through questions about your income and expenses to identify the deductions and credits you may qualify for.