After months of waiting, the decision letter from the Social Security Administration arrives in the mail. It reads, “Based on your condition, we have determined that you can perform your past work.” The Social Security disability denial stings, especially when each day continues to be a struggle with pain and limitations that make your previous job impossible.
Our Boston Social Security disability lawyer has guided numerous clients through this frustrating situation. The SSA denies many initial SSDI applications because they believe applicants can still perform their past work despite serious medical conditions. Don’t give up hope. The appeals process exists because initial decisions are often wrong.
How the SSA Decides if You Can Perform Past Work
When evaluating your disability claim, the Social Security Administration follows a five-step sequential process. At step four, they determine whether you can perform any of your past relevant work.
What Counts as Past Relevant Work
The SSA doesn’t look at every job you’ve ever had. They focus on:
Recent employment. Work performed within the last 15 years is considered relevant because your skills are likely still current, and occupational requirements haven’t significantly changed.
Substantial gainful activity. The work must have been performed at the SGA level, which in 2025 means you earned at least $1,620 per month for non-blind individuals. Jobs below this threshold might not count.
Long enough to learn. You must have worked at a job long enough to learn how to do it properly. This period varies by occupation but generally means at least a few months.
How They Assess Your Ability to Work
The SSA compares your current capabilities to your past job requirements through:
Medical evidence review. They examine medical records, test results, and doctor’s opinions to determine your physical and mental limitations.
Residual functional capacity. An RFC assessment details what you can still do despite your impairments, including how long you can sit, stand, walk, lift, or carry.
Job analysis. The SSA classifies past work according to exertion level (sedentary, light, medium, heavy, or very heavy) and skill level. They determine if your current RFC allows you to perform these duties.
Common Reasons the SSA Says You Can Still Work
The path to SSDI approval is full of hurdles. Frequent reasons SSDI applicants receive a Social Security disability denial citing the ability to do past work include the following.
Incomplete Medical Records
A lack of medical evidence is one of the most common reasons for denial. Consider someone who applied for disability benefits due to degenerative disc disease. Her application included records from her primary care doctor but not from specialists. Without this complete picture, the SSA underestimated her limitations.
To avoid this outcome, request all relevant records, including copies from all healthcare providers who have treated your condition. Also, make sure your records cover the entire period since your disability began. Finally, submit any updated information regarding new tests or treatments.
Vague Work History Reports
When filing for disability, you must complete a work history report detailing your job duties. Many applicants don’t realize how crucial this document is. If a former warehouse manager simply writes “supervised staff and managed inventory” on his form, the SSA may categorize his job as mainly administrative. In reality, they may have regularly lifted heavy items and spent hours on their feet.
To strengthen your work history report, be specific about physical demands. Detail how much you lifted, how long you stood, and whether you needed to bend or climb. Include mental requirements, describing stress levels, deadlines, and required concentration. If your job required accommodations or if you struggled to complete tasks due to your condition, explain this.
Failure to Show How Your Condition Affects Work
The SSA needs to understand exactly how your medical condition prevents you from performing job tasks. Consider a hypothetical SSDI applicant who suffers from severe rheumatoid arthritis. His medical records documented joint damage, but neither he nor his doctors explained that he couldn’t use the keyboard for his data entry job.
To better connect your condition to work limitations, ask your doctor for a functional capacity statement and provide concrete examples of your impairments. Instead of saying you have pain, explain that after typing for 15 minutes, your hands become so painful and stiff that you must stop and rest for 30 minutes.
How to Challenge a “Past Work” SSDI Denial
If you’ve received a denial based on your ability to perform past work, you can appeal the SSA’s decision. The first level is a request for reconsideration, where a different examiner reviews your case with fresh eyes.
If that fails, you may file for an administrative law judge hearing. Often your best opportunity to win benefits, an ALJ hearing provides the opportunity to present additional evidence, including vocational expert testimony. The judge may ask specific questions about your condition and how it limits your ability to work.
Work with your SSDI lawyer to build a stronger medical case for benefits. This may involve collecting detailed statements from your treating physician and specialists. Your attorney can help you review the SSA Blue Book for relevant medical criteria. With proper preparation and representation, you can fight an incorrect decision and secure the disability benefits you deserve.
