Genetic Testing Accounted for $3.6 Billion in Medicare Lab Spending—How to Spot Fraud

In 2024, genetic tests accounted for 43% ($3.6 billion) of Medicare Part B laboratory spending, according to federal data, much of it linked to fraudulent schemes using “free” test offers to target seniors. Reviewing Medicare statements and never sharing your number with unsolicited callers are key ways to avoid becoming a victim. Inna Dodor/Shutterstock

A recent federal report revealed that genetic testing drove a massive spike in Medicare Part B laboratory spending, reaching $3.6 billion in 2024. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General (HHS OIG) also found that genetic tests represented only about 5% of all Medicare Part B laboratory tests performed while accounting for 43% of total laboratory spending, illustrating why federal investigators continue to scrutinize this area closely.

Much of this surge has been linked to fraudulent schemes that target Medicare beneficiaries with offers of “free” genetic tests for cancer risk, medication compatibility, or other conditions. These scams not only drain Medicare resources but can also expose seniors to identity theft and unexpected financial headaches if improper charges slip through. Here’s what people need to know about how to spot fraud and protect themselves.

Genetic Testing Scams Often Begin With Unsolicited Contact Targeting Seniors

Scammers frequently use telemarketing calls, direct mail, or appearances at senior centers, health fairs, and community events to offer “free” genetic screening for cancer, dementia, or drug metabolism. They use fear-based messaging about undiagnosed conditions to pressure Medicare beneficiaries into providing their Medicare number and personal details right away.

Once they have that information, fraudulent labs bill Medicare for expensive tests that were never medically necessary or properly ordered by a physician. In many documented cases, beneficiaries never even receive results or realize a test was performed until they review their Medicare statements.

Medicare generally covers genetic testing only when it is considered medically necessary and ordered by the treating physician as part of diagnosing or managing a specific medical condition, not simply because someone offers a free screening at a community event.

Several Clear Red Flags Can Help You Spot Genetic Testing Scams Quickly

Any offer of a “free” genetic test that arrives through an unsolicited phone call, email, or pop-up at a public event should immediately raise suspicion. Legitimate genetic testing is almost always ordered by your own doctor based on specific symptoms, family history, or treatment needs rather than marketed aggressively to the general public.

Scammers often use legitimate-sounding company names or logos and may pressure you to act quickly or share information before you can consult your physician. If someone asks for your Medicare number over the phone or at an event without a prior doctor’s referral, that is a major warning sign.

Another warning sign is being told that your doctor “already approved” the test when you’ve never discussed it with them. Scammers frequently claim to be working with Medicare or your physician to create a false sense of legitimacy. Reviewing your Medicare Summary Notice (MSN) regularly can also reveal unexpected genetic test charges that signal potential fraud.

Federal Data Shows How Genetic Testing Fraud Has Inflated Medicare Costs Dramatically

According to a January 2026 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General, Medicare Part B spent $8.4 billion on laboratory tests in 2024, with genetic tests alone accounting for $3.6 billion or 43% of that total. Genetic testing spending has grown sharply even as overall lab test volume has declined, raising concerns about medically unnecessary or fraudulent claims.

The HHS OIG noted that “Part B spending on lab tests has been shifting increasingly toward genetic tests,” making the area an ongoing focus for fraud investigations and Medicare oversight.

Past enforcement actions by the Department of Justice have uncovered schemes involving hundreds of millions (and in some cases over a billion dollars) in improper genetic testing and telemedicine billing. These cases often involve labs that pay kickbacks or use deceptive marketing to generate high volumes of claims without proper documentation or physician involvement.

You Can Take Immediate Steps to Reduce Your Exposure to These Scams

Never share your Medicare number or personal health information with anyone who contacts you unsolicited, whether by phone, mail, or in person at community events. Only pursue genetic testing when your own doctor recommends it as part of diagnosing or treating a specific medical condition, and confirm that the testing laboratory is properly enrolled with Medicare.

Review your Medicare Summary Notices carefully each month and report any charges for tests you did not authorize or receive to Medicare right away. It’s not a bad idea to consider adding extra protection by monitoring your credit reports and signing up for Medicare’s fraud alerts if available in your area.

Knowing What to Do After Suspicious Contact

If you suspect you’ve been targeted by a genetic testing scam, contact Medicare immediately at 1-800-MEDICARE to report the incident and ask about next steps for disputing charges. You can also reach out to your local Senior Medicare Patrol (SMP) program, which provides free, confidential help with Medicare fraud issues and can guide you through reporting.

Keep records of any calls, mailings, or interactions with the scammers, including dates, names, and what information was shared. If identity theft is involved, place a fraud alert or credit freeze with the major credit bureaus and consider filing a report with the Federal Trade Commission.

Staying Alert to Genetic Testing Scams

The latest federal data shows that genetic testing has become one of Medicare’s fastest-growing laboratory expenses, making it an attractive target for fraudsters who prey on older adults. Fortunately, protecting yourself doesn’t require medical expertise. It starts with treating unsolicited offers skeptically, verifying recommendations with your own physician, and reviewing every Medicare Summary Notice for unfamiliar charges. Reporting suspicious activity promptly not only protects your own Medicare benefits but also helps investigators stop schemes before they affect thousands of other beneficiaries.

Have you or someone you know received an unexpected offer for genetic testing through Medicare, or noticed strange charges on a Medicare statement? What steps have you taken to safeguard your information from potential scams? Share your experience or questions in the comments.