With awareness of the environmental challenges associated with fast fashion and the linear “take-make-dispose” model, the industry is at a pivotal point. The linear approach has led to increased production and shorter product lifespans, contributing to a culture where clothing is often discarded quickly. In the United States, for example, about 34 billion pounds of textiles are thrown away each year, with nearly three-quarters ending up in landfills. Many of these garments are made from synthetic fibers, which can take decades to break down. Consider this:
Every second, a garbage truck’s worth of clothing is incinerated or dumped worldwide.
Of 100 billion garments made annually, 92 million tonnes end up in landfills.
The average American discards 81.5 pounds (37 kg) of clothing yearly, with 11.3 million tons of textiles sent to U.S. landfills—about 85% of all discarded textiles.
Key Drivers of Textile Waste
The global fashion industry has reshaped the lifecycle of clothing, influencing how consumers purchase, use, and ultimately discard apparel. Garments that were once valued as durable goods are now frequently thought of as throwaway items. This shift has led to a swell in textile waste, driven by several key factors that continue to accelerate the problem, including:
Fast fashion: The rise of fast fashion is the most significant driver of textile waste. This business model emphasizes rapid production of trendy, low-cost clothing, encouraging consumers to buy more frequently and discard items after only a few wears.
Lesser quality materials and design: Many apparel items are produced with low-quality materials and poor design to keep costs down. Unfortunately, these items have a short lifespan, are difficult to repair, and are often not suitable for recycling, leading to frequent disposal.
Consumer behavior: There has been a shift toward buying new clothes more frequently, driven by lower prices, online shopping convenience, and social media-driven trends.
Overproduction: The fashion industry often overproduces clothing to meet perceived demand and stay ahead of trends, often leading to large volumes of unsold stock.
Customer returns: Processing returned merchandise can be costly and complex, which to some retailers may make it seem uneconomical to resell even unused items. As a result, many returned apparel pieces, especially those made from non-biodegradable synthetics, may be incinerated or sent to landfills.
Despite this, there is growing momentum for positive change. Retailers and brands are increasingly adopting recycling initiatives and exploring circular economy models, which focus on how products are made, used, and disposed of. Meanwhile, consumers are also increasingly interested in sustainable (and secondhand) fashion, encouraging the industry to keep up. It’s not just companies and consumers driving change. In December 2024, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released its first-ever report on textile waste, revealing that textile waste volume in the US increased by more than 50 percent between 2000 and 2018. To address it, the GAO recommends collaboration between federal agencies and the private sector to move away from the current linear “take-make-dispose” model and toward a circular system focused on recycling, reuse, and sustainability.
The Role of Recommerce in Circularity
Recommerce—the resale of pre-owned goods through physical and online platforms—plays a large role in reducing textile waste and advancing a circular economy. By extending the lifecycle of clothing and other products, recommerce keeps usable items out of landfills and decreases the demand for new production.
Retailers and brands need an efficient, automated, and scalable multi-channel approach for selling returned and excess inventory to secondary market business buyers. By leveraging an online B2B resale platform, perfectly good apparel can be given a second life, diverting clothing from landfills, and returning them to consumers.
Sustainable B2B Resale Solutions with B-Stock
Many apparel retailers and brands traditionally rely on a single channel—such as off-price chains, outlets, or jobbers—to manage excess and returned inventory. While each of these channels offers unique benefits, they also present their own challenges, and their effectiveness can be disrupted by unforeseen events or shifts in the market. To remain resilient and responsive, it is essential for retailers to diversify their secondary market strategies. This approach not only helps maintain cash flow and operational efficiency but also enables retailers to remain agile to consumer preferences and economic uncertainties.
For most apparel retailers and brands, the goal extends beyond simply maximizing recovery and clearing warehouses quickly. Maintaining control over brand image and distribution channels is equally critical. Brand-conscious companies increasingly seek solutions that allow them to control where, how, and to whom their inventory is resold. B-Stock’s B2B recommerce platform empowers brands with just that. Some key B2B remarketing conditions for retailers and brands include:
Buyer restrictions: limit who can view and purchase inventory
Mandatory delabeling: ensure products are de-branded before resale
Export-only terms: restrict sales to international markets
Geographical limitations: define specific regions for resale
Exclusion of third-party resale sites: prevent sales on unauthorized online platforms
Prohibition of certain sales channels: block resale through brick-and-mortar or online stores as needed
As the fashion industry faces pressure to adopt sustainable practices, embracing innovative recommerce solutions is no longer optional—it’s essential. By diversifying resale channels and maintaining control over secondary market inventory, retailers and brands can reduce waste, protect their brand reputation, and unlock new revenue streams.
Ready to turn your excess and returned inventory into sustainable business growth?
