Yves here. The new Trump Administraton policy on visa issuance, that of making certain conditions like obesity and diabetes a no-go for longer-term visa issuance, substantively is not as out of line with practices in much of the rest of the world as one might think. But they address the issue of not having foreigners unduly burden the health system with bills that won’t be paid not by medical tests but via requiring proof of a certain level of income and/or medical insuarnce. Admittedly, many countries do require medical exams for longer-term visas, but they are typically to screen out communicable diseases like TB and HIV. But as far as I can tell, the Trump Administration focus on diabetes and obesity is an big outlier.
Even for mere tourist visas, more and more countries are requiring travel insurance. From Forbes in October
Which countries require travel insurance, and why? And how do you find a policy that will be approved?
Argentina …
Europe’s Schengen Area also requires insurance. All 29 countries in Europe that belong to the Schengen Area require visa applicants to carry about $35,000 in medical coverage, including emergency hospitalization and repatriation. That’s not a suggestion buried in fine print. It’s a hard requirement.
“All 29 countries of the Schengen Area require all Schengen visa applicants to take out travel insurance, but not just any policy will do,” explains Clément Goubon, chief marketing officer of Insurte. “The policy they choose has to meet specific criteria set by the Schengen Zone.”
Cuba ….
Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands…
Thailand, Turkey, the UAE, and Russia …
All told, 23 countries plus Europe’s Schengen region, now require travel insurance, according to Insubuy. “And many more require some sort of coverage for certain visitors,” adds spokesman Mike Farren.
Bottom line: There’s an excellent chance that if you’re crossing a border, you’ll need travel insurance. And unlike the last period in when mandatory insurance was required, this one is likely to stick, say experts.
Having said that, the Trump Administration using obesity and diabetest as screening criteria has racist undertones. Mexicans in particular come from what is called a metabolically thrify population, the result of periods of starvation in its gene pool. That means they have a greater propensity to diabetes even at normal body weights than Caucasians, and are also very susceptible to overweight and obesity. From a 2005 study, but the basic issues remain the same:
Mexican Americans are one of the fattest groups in what is one of the fattest nations on earth. Three out of four Mexican American adults (aged >20 years) were either overweight or obese at the end of the 20th century…
Diabetes is a serious public health problem among Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Diabetes was found in 8.1% of Mexican adults in 2000 (11) compared with 13.1% and 14.5% of Mexican American men and women in 1988–94 . In the United States, adults of Mexican origin, particularly men, had higher rates of prevalence of diabetes than non-Hispanic whites or blacks, as well as a greater degree of impaired fasting glucose (Figure 3). The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is rising rapidly. The prevalence of diabetes increased from 8.9% in 1976–1980 to 12.3% in 1988–94 among adults aged 40 to 74 (12). Mexican Americans, the largest Hispanic/Latino subgroup in the United States, are more than twice as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age.
Born in Central America, I share a similar ancestry with Mexicans (Spanish and Amerindian). Not surprisingly, diabetes runs in my family. Some statistics should scare me. The lifetime risk of developing diabetes for U.S. individuals born in 2002 is about one in three for the general population, but about one in two for the Hispanic population.
The new stringent health gudiance, which also takes a dim view of oldsters, is purportedly to be applied most seriously to applicants seeking long term residence. Erm, what about H1-B visas, where holders often remain in the US for many years and hope for (but rarely get) green cards? If their employer buys health insurance, this concern is already handled. But if so, is this universal, or are there lapses?
By Amanda Seitz. Originally published at KFF Health News
Foreigners seeking visas to live in the U.S. might be rejected if they have certain medical conditions, including diabetes or obesity, under a Thursday directive from the Trump administration.
The guidance, issued in a cable the State Department sent to embassy and consular officials and examined by KFF Health News, directs visa officers to deem applicants ineligible to enter the U.S. for several new reasons, including age or the likelihood they might rely on public benefits. The guidance says that such people could become a “public charge” — a potential drain on U.S. resources — because of their health issues or age.
While assessing the health of potential immigrants has been part of the visa application process for years, including screening for communicable diseases like tuberculosis and obtaining vaccine history, experts said the new guidelines greatly expand the list of medical conditions to be considered and give visa officers more power to make decisions about immigration based on an applicant’s health status.
The directive is part of the Trump administration’s divisive and aggressive campaign to deport immigrants living without authorization in the U.S. and dissuade others from immigrating into the country. The White House’s crusade to push out immigrants has included daily mass arrests, bans on refugees from certain countries, and plans to severely restrict the total number permitted into the U.S.
The new guidelines mandate that immigrants’ health be a focus in the application process. The guidance applies to nearly all visa applicants but is likely to be used only in cases in which people seek to permanently reside in the U.S., said Charles Wheeler, a senior attorney for the Catholic Legal Immigration Network, a nonprofit legal aid group.
“You must consider an applicant’s health,” the cable reads. “Certain medical conditions – including, but not limited to, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and mental health conditions – can require hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of care.”
About 10% of the world’s population has diabetes. Cardiovascular diseases are also common; they are the globe’s leading killer.
The cable also encourages visa officers to consider other conditions, like obesity, which it notes can cause asthma, sleep apnea, and high blood pressure, in their assessment of whether an immigrant could become a public charge and therefore should be denied entry into the U.S.
“All of these can require expensive, long-term care,” the cable reads. Spokespeople for the State Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the cable.
Visa officers were also directed to determine if applicants have the means to pay for medical treatment without help from the U.S. government.
“Does the applicant have adequate financial resources to cover the costs of such care over his entire expected lifespan without seeking public cash assistance or long-term institutionalization at government expense?” the cable reads.
The cable’s language appears at odds with the Foreign Affairs Manual, the State Department’s own handbook, which says that visa officers cannot reject an application based on “what if” scenarios, Wheeler said.
The guidance directs visa officers to develop “their own thoughts about what could lead to some sort of medical emergency or sort of medical costs in the future,” he said. “That’s troubling because they’re not medically trained, they have no experience in this area, and they shouldn’t be making projections based on their own personal knowledge or bias.”
The guidance also directs visa officers to consider the health of family members, including children or older parents.
“Do any of the dependents have disabilities, chronic medical conditions, or other special needs and require care such that the applicant cannot maintain employment?” the cable asks.
Immigrants already undergo a medical exam by a physician who’s been approved by a U.S. embassy.
They are screened for communicable diseases, like tuberculosis, and asked to fill out a form that asks them to disclose any history of drug or alcohol use, mental health conditions, or violence. They’re also required to have a number of vaccinations to guard against infectious diseases like measles, polio, and hepatitis B.
But the new guidance goes further, emphasizing that chronic diseases should be considered, said Sophia Genovese, an immigration lawyer at Georgetown University. She also noted that the language of the directive encourages visa officers and the doctors who examine people seeking to immigrate to speculate on the cost of applicants’ medical care and their ability to get employment in the U.S., considering their medical history.
“Taking into consideration one’s diabetic history or heart health history — that’s quite expansive,” Genovese said. “There is a degree of this assessment already, just not quite expansive as opining over, ‘What if someone goes into diabetic shock?’ If this change is going to happen immediately, that’s obviously going to cause a myriad of issues when people are going into their consular interviews.”
