January is traditionally the most chaotic month for American healthcare. Deductibles reset, insurance contracts flip, and administrative offices are short-staffed due to the post-holiday flu season. However, in 2026, this seasonal slowdown has collided with major structural changes to the Medicare system. The implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act’s final Part D phases and the launch of new federal oversight pilots have created a perfect storm for administrative gridlock.
For beneficiaries, this means that a denial letter received in February might take significantly longer to resolve than one received in July. The appeals system is currently flooded with millions of new cases generated by automated algorithms and confused providers. If you are planning to fight a denial this winter, you need to be prepared for a waiting game. Here are the six specific Medicare appeals that are facing the longest processing delays right now.
1. The Part D Tier Exception Request
The most immediate bottleneck involves prescription drugs. Due to the Part D redesign for 2026, which caps out-of-pocket spending at $2,000, insurers have aggressively narrowed their formularies to control costs. Thousands of seniors went to the pharmacy in January only to find their longtime medication was moved to a non-covered tier.
This has triggered a massive wave of “Tier Exception” appeals as patients fight to get their drugs covered. While plans are legally required to respond to expedited requests within 72 hours, the sheer volume of paperwork means that standard requests are frequently missing the 7-day deadline or are being auto-denied due to missing doctor’s notes, requiring a second, lengthier level of appeal.
2. The “Pilot State” Prior Authorization Appeal
For the first time in history, Traditional Medicare (not just Advantage plans) is requiring prior authorization for certain services, but only in specific regions. A federal pilot program launched January 1, 2026, in Arizona, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, and Washington. This program targets specific outpatient cosmetic and orthopedic procedures.
Because doctors in these states are not used to asking for permission under Original Medicare, many claims were submitted without the new approval numbers and were instantly denied. The appeals process to fix these clerical errors is clogged because the Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) are overwhelmed by the sudden influx of “learning curve” disputes.
3. The Skilled Nursing Discharge Appeal
January is peak respiratory season, leading to a surge in hospitalizations and subsequent transfers to Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs). However, insurers are under immense pressure to reduce the length of stay. This has led to a spike in “Notice of Medicare Non-Coverage” letters, which inform patients that their coverage is ending in 48 hours. Patients normally appeal this to a Quality Improvement Organization (QIO).
In 2026, this process is slower because nursing homes are simultaneously dealing with a mandatory federal revalidation deadline that hit on January 1. Administrative staff are buried in compliance paperwork, often delaying the submission of medical records needed for your discharge appeal, which can leave you liable for days of private-pay rates while the QIO waits for the file.
4. The Two-Midnight Rule “Short Stay” Denial
Hospitals and auditors are currently battling over the definition of an inpatient stay. New 2026 auditing standards have intensified scrutiny on the “Two-Midnight Rule,” which dictates that a patient must stay across two midnights to qualify for inpatient billing. Medicare Advantage plans are using AI to aggressively downgrade inpatient stays to “observation” status retroactively.
Hospitals are appealing these downgrades en masse in the first quarter of the year. If your hospital bill is caught in this tug-of-war, your “Patient Responsibility” amount may remain in limbo for months. You cannot appeal the bill yourself until the hospital exhausts its dispute with the insurer, leaving your account showing a “pending” balance that prevents you from setting up a payment plan.
5. The Durable Medical Equipment (DME) Pricing Hold
If you received a new CPAP machine, oxygen concentrator, or wheelchair in January, you might face a billing delay. The start of the year often brings updates to the DME Competitive Bidding Program and vendor contracts. If your supplier was dropped from the network on December 31 but delivered equipment on January 2, the claim falls into a “pricing hold.”
The insurer must manually calculate the out-of-network reimbursement rate. These claims are low priority compared to hospital bills and often sit in the processing queue for 60 to 90 days. During this time, the supplier may send you invoices for the full amount, which you should not pay until the appeal is resolved.
6. The “No Surprises Act” Arbitration
The federal dispute resolution process for surprise out-of-network bills is still hopelessly backlogged. If you had an emergency surgery over the holidays and received a balance bill from an out-of-network anesthesiologist, that claim enters the “No Surprises” arbitration queue. As of early 2026, the backlog of disputes pending adjudication remains in the hundreds of thousands.
While the law protects you from paying the bill while it is in dispute, it can take over six months for the final “allowed amount” to be determined. This leaves a lingering “open claim” on your insurance portal that creates anxiety and confusion about your final deductible status for the year.
File Early and Track Everything
The days of quick automated fixes are gone for the season. If you receive a denial this winter, you must act immediately. Do not wait for the “Redetermination” window to nearly close. Submit your appeal paperwork via certified mail or your portal as soon as the denial arrives. Most importantly, keep a detailed log of every interaction. Write down the name of the representative, the call reference number, and the date. In a backlog scenario, files frequently get “lost,” and your personal log may be the only proof that you met the deadline.
Is your prescription drug appeal stuck in “pending” status this month? Leave a comment below—let us know which insurance carrier is keeping you waiting!
